High-redshift galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field— II. Colours and number counts     

Lucia Pozzetti  Piero Madau  Gianni Zamorani  Henry C. Ferguson  & Gustavo Bruzual A. 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(4):1133-1144

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Precise laboratory wavelengths of the Mg I and Mg II resonance transitions at 2853, 2803 and 2796 Å     

J. C. Pickering  A. P. Thorne  & J. K. Webb 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,300(1):131-134

Strong ultraviolet resonance transitions are observed routinely both in the Galactic interstellar medium and in quasar absorption systems. The quality of the astronomical spectroscopic data now available demands more precise laboratory rest wavelengths. Of particular interest is the accuracy with which one can constrain space–time variations in fundamental constants using quasar spectra. A recent analysis by Webb et al. of 25 quasar spectra using Mg and Fe transitions tentatively suggests that the fine-structure constant was smaller at earlier epochs. To permit a check on this result, and to allow further more extensive investigations, we have carried out a new determination of the laboratory wavelengths of Mg  i  2853 Å, Mg  II  2796 Å and Mg  II  2803 Å by high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy. Our results for Mg  II  2796 Å are consistent with the value measured independently by two other groups. To our knowledge, no previous measurements of comparable precision exist for Mg  I  2853 Å and Mg  II  2803 Å.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of Tropospheric OH Measurements by Different Laser Techniques during the POPCORN Campaign 1994     

A. Hofzumahaus  U. Aschmutat  U. Brandenburger  T. Brauers  H.-P. Dorn  M. Hausmann  M. Heßling  F. Holland  C. Plass-Dülmer  D. H. Ehhalt 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,31(1-2):227-246

In-situ OH measurements by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy and folded long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) were carried out in a rural environment in North-East Germany as part of the field experiment POPCORN in August 1994. The large set of OH data obtained allowed an intercomparison of both techniques based on relative diurnal profiles and simultaneously measured absolute concentrations. Most of the time the two OH instruments encountered the same air and agreed well in the measured relative diurnal variations. Only on a few occasions the measurements significantly disagreed due to a perturbation of the DOAS measurements by a local OH source in the north-western wind sector. Excluding data from this wind direction, the statistical analysis of 137 data pairs yields a correlation coefficient of r = 0.90 and a weighted linear fit with a slope of 1.09 ± 0.12. The correlations are carefully analyzed. The comparison of both instruments is discussed in the light of newly published effective absorption cross-sections for H2O and O2 that affect the calibration of LIF.  相似文献   

地震CT及其在采空区探测中的应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王超凡  赵永贵  靳洪晓  郭鸿  李勤 《地球物理学报》1998,41(Z1):367-375

应用地震波速CT和吸收CT相结合的方法对山东省招远市界河金矿隐伏采空区进行了联合探测研究．波速CT是利用地震波走时资料反演地质体内部波速结构;吸收CT是通过能量变化观测反演吸收系数分布．地震波速对岩性敏感,吸收系数与岩石的完整性关系更密切在界河金矿采空区探测中利用地震波速和吸收系数为层析物理量,在巷道和地表间进行透射观测,以优于2m的分辨率清楚地揭示了测区内采空区和断裂破碎带的分布,探测结果已被后期的采掘所证实．探测的成功为解决同类问题提供了一种可行的方案,对促进工程地球物理探测技术的发展也有重要意义．  相似文献   

Optical properties of the red tide in Isahaya Bay,southwestern Japan: Influence of chlorophyll a concentration     

Hiroaki Sasaki  Akihiko Tanaka  Mitsunori Iwataki  Yasuharu Touke  Eko Siswanto  Chun Knee Tan  Joji Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):511-523

Remote sensing reflectance [R _rs(λ)] and absorption coefficients of red tides were measured in Isahaya Bay, southwestern Japan, to investigate differences in the optical properties of red tide and non-red tide waters. We defined colored areas of the sea surface, visualized from shipboard, as “red tides”. Peaks of the R _rs(λ) spectra of non-red tide waters were at 565 nm, while those of red tides shifted to longer wavelengths (589 nm). The spectral shape of R _rs(λ) was close to that of the reciprocal of the total absorption coefficient [1/a(λ)], implying that the R _rs(λ) peak is determined by absorption. Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton [a _ph(λ)], non-pigment particles and colored dissolved organic matter increased with increasing chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), and those coefficients were correlated with Chl a for both red tide and non-red tide waters. Using these relationships between absorption coefficients and Chl a, variation in the spectrum of 1/a(λ) as a function of Chl a was calculated. The peak of 1/a(λ) shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing Chl a. Furthermore, the relative contribution of a _ph(λ) to the total absorption in red tide water was significantly higher than in non-red tide water in the wavelength range 550–600 nm, including the peak. Our results show that the variation of a _ph(λ) with Chl a dominates the behavior of the R _rs(λ) peak, and utilization of R _rs(λ) peaks at 589 and 565 nm may be useful to discriminate between red tide and non-red tide waters by remote sensing.  相似文献   

Influence analysis of gaseous absorption on “HY-1A” CZI data processing Simulation and correction for Rayleigh scattering     

SUN Ling  ZHANG Jie  GUO Maohua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(6):102-114

Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing is evaluated.  相似文献   

The association between gas and galaxies – II. The two-point correlation function     

R. J. Wilman  S. L. Morris  B. T. Jannuzi  R. Davé  A. M. Shone 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(2):735-744

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The observed ionization rate of the intergalactic medium and the ionizing emissivity at z≥ 5: evidence for a photon-starved and extended epoch of reionization     

James S. Bolton  Martin G. Haehnelt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(1):325-341

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Probing variations in fundamental constants with radio and optical quasar absorption-line observations     

P. Tzanavaris †  M. T. Murphy  J. K. Webb  V. V. Flambaum  S. J. Curran 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,374(2):634-646

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Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Southern North Sea waters: Optical characterization and possible origin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rosa Astoreca  Véronique Rousseau  Christiane Lancelot 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The variability and origin of the Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) were studied in the Belgian coastal and adjacent areas including offshore waters and the Scheldt estuary, through the parameters: absorption at 375 nm, a_CDOM(375), and the slope of the absorption curve, S. a_CDOM(375) varied between 0.20 and 1.31 m⁻¹ and between 0.97 and 4.30 m⁻¹ in the marine area and Scheldt estuary, respectively. S fluctuated between 0.0101 and 0.0203 nm⁻¹ in the marine area and between 0.0167 and 0.0191 nm⁻¹ in the Scheldt estuary. The comparative analysis of a_CDOM(375) and S variations evidenced different origins of CDOM in the BCZ. The Scheldt estuarine waters showed decreasing a_CDOM(375) values with increasing salinity but constant S value of ∼0.018 nm⁻¹ suggesting a dominant terrestrial origin of CDOM. On the contrary, samples collected in the marine domain showed a narrow range of a_CDOM(375) but highly variable S suggesting the additional presence of autochthonous sources of CDOM. This source was evidenced based on the sorting of the marine offshore data according to the stage of the phytoplankton bloom when they were collected. A clear distinction was made between CDOM released during the growth stage characterized by high S (∼0.017 nm⁻¹) and low a_CDOM(375) and the decay phase characterized by low S (∼0.013 nm⁻¹) and high a_CDOM(375). This observation was supported by CDOM measurements performed on pure phytoplankton cultures which showed increased CDOM release along the wax and wane of the bloom but decreasing S. We concluded that the high variability of the CDOM signature in offshore waters is explained by the local biological production and processing of CDOM.  相似文献